Since its adoption in 2015, the Paris Agreement has led to near-universal climate action and unprecedented international cooperation. Yet, the world is still falling short of its long-term goals — limiting warming to 1.5-degrees C, adapting to adverse climate impacts and mobilizing finance for low-emission, climate-resilient development. At the end of 2023, the first Global Stocktake (GST), the most comprehensive assessment of the global response to climate change to date, underscored significant gaps in the level of ambition, pace of implementation and speed and scale of financing needed to deliver transformative, ambitious climate action. Current ambition reflected in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), or national climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, put the world on track for a 2.5- to 2.9-degree C temperature rise globally. Such an increase would trigger severe consequences, including deadly heat waves, widespread droughts, food and water shortages and the collapse of marine ecosystems. Greater ambition, with stronger, full-scale implementation, is urgently needed to reduce emissions by 2035 to levels consistent with the 1.5-degree C pathway and build global resilience.

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